Albert Einstein (1879–1955), a German-born theoretical physicist, was one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. While working at the Swiss Patent Office, he published his special theory of relativity and explained the photoelectric effect. His equation E=mc² revealed the equivalence of mass and energy, fundamentally transforming humanity's understanding of space, time, and energy.
In 1915, Einstein completed the general theory of relativity, reinterpreting gravity as the curvature of spacetime geometry. This theory predicted gravitational waves and black holes, both confirmed experimentally a century later. He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for explaining the photoelectric effect, which also laid foundations for quantum mechanics.
Einstein was not only a great physicist but an active social advocate for peace and civil liberties. His scientific achievements and humanitarian spirit made him the world's most recognizable scientist, universally celebrated as the genius who reshaped our understanding of the universe.
